这将取决于你希望实现什么。

您可以简单地将框架的内容打印到BufferedImage。这允许您控制要捕获的内容，因为您可以打印内容窗格而不是框架。

您可以使用Robot来捕获屏幕。这将捕获屏幕上您尝试捕获的位置的任何内容，其中可能包括的不仅仅是您的框架…

"打印"vs"捕获"

import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
import javax.swing.ActionMap;
import javax.swing.InputMap;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;

public class PrintFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PrintFrame();
    }

    public PrintFrame() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                JLabel label = new JLabel("Clap if you're happy");

                final JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
                frame.add(label);
                frame.setSize(200, 200);
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

                InputMap im = label.getInputMap(JLabel.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW);
                ActionMap am = label.getActionMap();

                im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_P, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK), "Print");
                im.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_P, KeyEvent.CTRL_DOWN_MASK | KeyEvent.ALT_DOWN_MASK), "PrintAll");

                am.put("Print", new AbstractAction() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        try {
                            System.out.println("Print...");
                            BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(frame.getWidth(), frame.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
                            Graphics2D g2d = img.createGraphics();
                            frame.printAll(g2d);
                            g2d.dispose();
                            ImageIO.write(img, "png", new File("Print.png"));
                        } catch (IOException ex) {
                            ex.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
                am.put("PrintAll", new AbstractAction() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        try {
                            System.out.println("PrintAll...");
                            Robot bot = new Robot();
                            Rectangle bounds = frame.getBounds();
                            bounds.x -= 2;
                            bounds.y -= 2;
                            bounds.width += 4;
                            bounds.height += 4;
                            BufferedImage img = bot.createScreenCapture(bounds);
                            ImageIO.write(img, "png", new File("PrintAll.png"));
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            ex.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });

                frame.setVisible(true);

            }
        });
    }
}

更新了更好的要求

基本要求没有太大变化。您仍然需要捕获屏幕一些如何…

在这里，我通过“打印”代码进行了修改，将生成的BufferedImage发送到打印机。注意，我没有检查图像是否真的合适，我相信你可以解决这个问题；）

am.put("Print", new AbstractAction() {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        try {
            System.out.println("Print...");
            BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage(frame.getWidth(), frame.getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
            Graphics2D g2d = img.createGraphics();
            frame.printAll(g2d);
            g2d.dispose();
            PrinterJob pj = PrinterJob.getPrinterJob();
            pj.setPrintable(new FramePrintable(img));
            if (pj.printDialog()) {
                pj.print();
            }
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
});

然后，您只需要某种方法将内容实际渲染到打印机…

public class FramePrintable implements Printable {

    private BufferedImage img;

    public FramePrintable(BufferedImage img) {
        this.img = img;
    }

    @Override
    public int print(Graphics graphics, PageFormat pageFormat, int pageIndex) throws PrinterException {

        if (pageIndex == 0) {

            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
            g2d.translate(pageFormat.getImageableX(), pageFormat.getImageableY());
            double x = (pageFormat.getImageableWidth() - img.getWidth()) / 2;
            double y = (pageFormat.getImageableHeight()- img.getHeight()) / 2;
            g2d.drawImage(img, (int)x, (int)y, null);

        }

        return pageIndex == 0 ? PAGE_EXISTS : NO_SUCH_PAGE;
    }
}

这几乎是直接从印刷审判中获得的…

最简单的方法是使用可以在给定坐标处捕获屏幕片段的类Robot。看看这个讨论：Java打印屏幕程序

只需将JFrame的绝对坐标发送给机器人

尝试截屏并保存到文件中。然后您可以打印文件。以下代码片段可用于截屏：

boolean captureScreenShot()
{
      boolean isSuccesful = false;
      Rectangle screenRect = new Rectangle(0,0,500,500);//frame absolute coordinates
      BufferedImage capture;
      try {
          capture = new Robot().createScreenCapture(screenRect);
          // screen shot image will be save at given path with name "screen.jpeg"
          ImageIO.write(capture, "jpg", new File( "c:\\abc", "screen.jpeg"));
          isSuccesful = true;
      } catch (AWTException awte) {
          awte.printStackTrace();
          isSuccesful = false;
      }
      catch (IOException ioe) {
          ioe.printStackTrace();
          isSuccesful = false;
      }
      return isSuccesful;
}