在我的Web应用程序（sencha extjs 5）中，我有一个用户要求将数据读/写到客户端PC串行端口。
我知道，如果不在本地计算机上安装一些二进制文件（本机应用程序、Windows服务等），客户端浏览器就无法访问本地计算机硬件。
几年前，我已经看到同样的问题在stackoverflow论坛上讨论过。但是我需要知道今天使用现有技术做到这一点的最佳方法是什么？
使用Web串行API。我使用它仅通过RS232串行接口从我的体重秤中读取数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Web Serial</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="serial-scale-div">
<button class="btn" id="connect-to-serial">Connect with Serial Device</button>
</div>
<button id="get-serial-messages">Get serial messages</button>
<div id="serial-messages-container">
<div class="message"></div>
</div>
<script>
"use strict";
class SerialScaleController {
constructor() {
this.encoder = new TextEncoder();
this.decoder = new TextDecoder();
}
async init() {
if ('serial' in navigator) {
try {
const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort();
await port.open({ baudRate: 9600 });
this.reader = port.readable.getReader();
let signals = await port.getSignals();
console.log(signals);
}
catch (err) {
console.error('There was an error opening the serial port:', err);
}
}
else {
console.error('Web serial doesn\'t seem to be enabled in your browser. Try enabling it by visiting:');
console.error('chrome://flags/#enable-experimental-web-platform-features');
console.error('opera://flags/#enable-experimental-web-platform-features');
console.error('edge://flags/#enable-experimental-web-platform-features');
}
}
async read() {
try {
const readerData = await this.reader.read();
console.log(readerData)
return this.decoder.decode(readerData.value);
}
catch (err) {
const errorMessage = `error reading data: ${err}`;
console.error(errorMessage);
return errorMessage;
}
}
}
const serialScaleController = new SerialScaleController();
const connect = document.getElementById('connect-to-serial');
const getSerialMessages = document.getElementById('get-serial-messages');
connect.addEventListener('pointerdown', () => {
serialScaleController.init();
});
getSerialMessages.addEventListener('pointerdown', async () => {
getSerialMessage();
});
async function getSerialMessage() {
document.querySelector("#serial-messages-container .message").innerText += await serialScaleController.read()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
查看此演示和此代码以获取更具描述性的示例。
您可能需要在浏览器上打开串行API功能。以下是参考文献中的引用
可以想象，目前（2020 年 4 月）仅基于 Chromium 的现代桌面浏览器支持此 API，但希望在不久的将来支持会有所改善。此时，您需要启用浏览器的实验性Web平台功能，只需复制并粘贴正确的URL：
< code > chrome://flags/# enable-experimental-we B- platform-features < code > opera://flags/# enable-experimental-we B- platform-features < code > edge://flags/# enable-experimental-we B- platform-features
引用：
https://dev.to/unjavascripter/the-amazing-powers-of-the-web-web-serial-api-3ilc
https://github.com/UnJavaScripter/web-serial-example
有一种方法是开发一个chrome应用程序，你可以使用chrome.serialAPI。
https://developer.chrome.com/apps/serial
示例代码，
在你的manifest.json，
{
"name": "Serial Sample",
"description": "Read/Write from/to serial port.",
"version": "1.0",
"manifest_version": 2,
"permissions": ["serial"],
"app": {
"background": {
"scripts": ["background.js"]
}
}
}
在你的background.js，
const DEVICE_PATH = 'COM1';
const serial = chrome.serial;
var dataRecieved="";
/* Interprets an ArrayBuffer as UTF-8 encoded string data. */
var ab2str = function(buf) {
var bufView = new Uint8Array(buf);
var encodedString = String.fromCharCode.apply(null, bufView);
return decodeURIComponent(escape(encodedString));
};
/* Converts a string to UTF-8 encoding in a Uint8Array; returns the array buffer. */
var str2ab = function(str) {
var encodedString = unescape(encodeURIComponent(str));
var bytes = new Uint8Array(encodedString.length);
for (var i = 0; i < encodedString.length; ++i) {
bytes[i] = encodedString.charCodeAt(i);
}
return bytes.buffer;
};
var SerialConnection = function() {
this.connectionId = -1;
this.lineBuffer = "";
this.boundOnReceive = this.onReceive.bind(this);
this.boundOnReceiveError = this.onReceiveError.bind(this);
this.onConnect = new chrome.Event();
this.onReadLine = new chrome.Event();
this.onError = new chrome.Event();
};
SerialConnection.prototype.onConnectComplete = function(connectionInfo) {
if (!connectionInfo) {
log("Connection failed.");
return;
}
this.connectionId = connectionInfo.connectionId;
chrome.serial.onReceive.addListener(this.boundOnReceive);
chrome.serial.onReceiveError.addListener(this.boundOnReceiveError);
this.onConnect.dispatch();
};
SerialConnection.prototype.onReceive = function(receiveInfo) {
if (receiveInfo.connectionId !== this.connectionId) {
return;
}
this.lineBuffer += ab2str(receiveInfo.data);
var index;
while ((index = this.lineBuffer.indexOf('\n')) >= 0) {
var line = this.lineBuffer.substr(0, index + 1);
this.onReadLine.dispatch(line);
this.lineBuffer = this.lineBuffer.substr(index + 1);
}
};
SerialConnection.prototype.onReceiveError = function(errorInfo) {
if (errorInfo.connectionId === this.connectionId) {
this.onError.dispatch(errorInfo.error);
}
};
SerialConnection.prototype.connect = function(path) {
serial.connect(path, this.onConnectComplete.bind(this))
};
SerialConnection.prototype.send = function(msg) {
if (this.connectionId < 0) {
throw 'Invalid connection';
}
serial.send(this.connectionId, str2ab(msg), function() {});
};
SerialConnection.prototype.disconnect = function() {
if (this.connectionId < 0) {
throw 'Invalid connection';
}
serial.disconnect(this.connectionId, function() {});
};
var connection = new SerialConnection();
connection.onConnect.addListener(function() {
//console.log('connected to: ' + DEVICE_PATH);
});
connection.onReadLine.addListener(function (line) {
//Serial port data recieve event.
dataRecieved = dataRecieved +line;
});
connection.connect(DEVICE_PATH);
一旦你创建了chrome应用程序与串口通信，接下来的事情就是允许你的外部网页使用JavaScript与chrome应用程序通信。
为此，在您的manifest.json文件中添加，
"externally_connectable": {
"matches": ["*://*.example.com/*"]
}
这样一来，您 example.com 网域上的外部网页就可以与您的 Chrome 应用进行通信。
在您的网页中，
// The ID of the extension we want to talk to.
var editorExtensionId = "nboladondmajlaalmcdupihoilpcketyl";
// Make a simple request:
chrome.runtime.sendMessage(editorExtensionId,
{ data: "data to pass to the chrome app" },
function (response)
{
alert(response);
});
在您的chrome应用程序中，
chrome.runtime.onMessageExternal.addListener(
function (request, sender, sendResponse) {
sendResponse("Send serial port data to the web page");
});
https://developer.chrome.com/apps/messaging
我设置了一个网站和一个简单的示例，用于在浏览器中运行串行终端。您应该将其托管在https服务器上。
铬88现在提供了串行终端功能。
现场演示https://www.SerialTerminal.com完整的源代码。https://github.com/mmiscool/serialTerminal.com/blob/main/index.html
