无法链接到boost库

提问者：小点点

无法链接到boost库

我无法让我的g在我的机器上编译和链接一个最小的boost协同例程程序(我猜还有其他组件)。

// example.cpp

#include <boost/coroutine/all.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace boost::coroutines;

void mycorofunc(coroutine<void>::push_type &sink){
  std::cout << "1";
  sink();
  std::cout << " 3";
}

int main() {
  coroutine<void>::pull_type source{mycorofunc};
  std::cout << " 2";
  source();
  std::cout << " 4!" << std::endl;
}

我使用apt-get安装boost（libboost all dev），但两者都没有

g++ example.cpp -lboost_coroutine -lboost_system

也没有

g++ example.cpp -I/usr/include -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lboost_coroutine -lboost_system

g的输出如下：

In file included from /usr/include/boost/coroutine/v1/coroutine.hpp:19:0,
                 from /usr/include/boost/coroutine/coroutine.hpp:13,
                 from /usr/include/boost/coroutine/all.hpp:11,
                 from example.cpp:3:
/usr/include/boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp: In instantiation of ‘struct boost::function_traits<void>’:
example.cpp:7:31:   required from here
/usr/include/boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp:168:8: error: invalid use of incomplete type ‘struct boost::detail::function_traits_helper<void*>’
 struct function_traits : 
        ^
/usr/include/boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp:21:36: error: declaration of ‘struct boost::detail::function_traits_helper<void*>’
 template<typename Function> struct function_traits_helper;
                                    ^
example.cpp:7:31: error: ‘arity’ is not a member of ‘boost::function_traits<void>’
 void mycorofunc(coroutine<void>::push_type &sink){
                               ^
example.cpp:7:31: error: template argument 2 is invalid
example.cpp:7:44: error: expected ‘,’ or ‘...’ before ‘&’ token
 void mycorofunc(coroutine<void>::push_type &sink){
                                            ^
example.cpp: In function ‘void mycorofunc(int)’:
example.cpp:9:8: error: ‘sink’ was not declared in this scope
   sink();
        ^
example.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
example.cpp:14:17: error: ‘arity’ is not a member of ‘boost::function_traits<void>’
   coroutine<void>::pull_type source{mycorofunc};
                 ^
example.cpp:14:17: error: template argument 2 is invalid
example.cpp:14:30: error: expected initializer before ‘source’
   coroutine<void>::pull_type source{mycorofunc};
                              ^
example.cpp:16:10: error: ‘source’ was not declared in this scope
   source();

关于我的环境的更多信息:

$$ locate coroutine/all.hpp
/usr/include/boost/coroutine/all.hpp
/usr/local/boost_1_58_0/boost/coroutine/all.hpp

$$ locate boost_system
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_system.so.1.54.0

$$ locate boost_coroutine
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_coroutine.a

$$ g++ -E -x c++ - -v < /dev/null  # printing g++ include path 
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.8/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,java,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.8 --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.8 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libmudflap --enable-plugin --with-system-zlib --disable-browser-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --enable-gtk-cairo --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64/jre --enable-java-home --with-jvm-root-dir=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-jvm-jar-dir=/usr/lib/jvm-exports/java-1.5.0-gcj-4.8-amd64 --with-arch-directory=amd64 --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --enable-objc-gc --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.8.2 (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/cc1plus -E -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu -D_GNU_SOURCE - -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -fstack-protector -Wformat -Wformat-security
ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/include/c++/4.8
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/c++/4.8
 /usr/include/c++/4.8/backward
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/include-fixed
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 "<stdin>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "<stdin>"
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-E' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'

编译器：g（v.4.8.2）和g-5都试过

发行版：Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS

共1个答案

匿名用户

经过几天的调试，这是我找到的解决方案。即使是以下指令的子集也可能同样足以解决问题。

执行以下说明：

1.58

为了将这些要点放在一起，这是我用来编译和链接代码的命令（假设我在 /usr/local/ 中安装了 boost）：

g-6-std=c 14example.cpp-我/usr/本地/包含-L/usr/本地/lib-lboost_coroutine-lboost_context-lboost_system

显然，boost 1.54中的< code>boost.coroutine库是用boost.context [source]中已弃用的类似C的fcontext-API实现的。我注意到我的机器在编译这些部分时遇到了问题。不幸的是，Ubuntu PPA目前不提供比< code>1.54更高的版本。< code>Boost.coroutine2是推荐使用的库，可在版本< code>1.59或更新版本中找到。因此，您需要从其网站手动下载合适版本的boost并安装。

这样做后，我的代码成功编译，但没有链接：

... undefined reference to `ontop_fcontext'  `boost::context::basic_fixedsize_stack<boost::context::stack_traits>::deallocate(boost::context::stack_context&)':
example.cpp:(...): undefined reference to `boost::context::stack_traits::minimum_size()'
example.cpp:(...): undefined reference to `boost::context::stack_traits::is_unbounded()'
example.cpp:(...): undefined reference to `boost::context::stack_traits::maximum_size()'

令人惊讶的是，在编译命令中添加< code>-lboost_context标志并没有消除这个链接错误，这表明< code>libboost_context没有正确链接到。

然后我遇到了一个问题，原来的海报有点类似于我的问题。简而言之，有许多C宏阻止execution_context被正确包含，因此问题与libboost_context。要知道你的编译器是否启用了其中一些宏的代码如下（我不确定是否所有这些宏都相关）：

#include <boost/config.hpp> 

#if defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_AUTO_DECLARATIONS) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_CONSTEXPR) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DEFAULTED_FUNCTIONS) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FINAL) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_HDR_TUPLE) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_NOEXCEPT) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_TEMPLATE_ALIASES) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_UNIFIED_INITIALISATION_SYNTAX) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_HDR_ATOMIC) || \
     defined(BOOST_NO_HDR_TUPLE)
#error "execution_context is prevented to be included in this compiler"; 
#endif

解决方案很简单:安装< code>g -6(或者我猜是< code>5.2或更新版本)，用< code>std=-c 14编译代码。