我正在做一个Flink项目，遇到了一个问题，我设法在Stackoverflow的帮助下解决了这个问题。然而，我不清楚为什么提议的解决方案实际上有效，我发现关于这个主题的信息很少。考虑以下代码：

object DeCP {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val params: ParameterTool = ParameterTool.fromArgs(args)

    // Get the execution environment and read the data
    val env: ExecutionEnvironment = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
    val queryPoints: DataSet[Point] = readQueryPoints(env, params)
    val points: DataSet[Point] = readFeatureVector(env, params)

    // Process the query points
    queryPoints
      .map(new KNNRich)
      .withBroadcastSet(points, "pointsIn")
      .print
  }

  final class KNNRich extends RichMapFunction[Point, (Point, Vector[Point])]{
    private var pointsIn: Traversable[Point] = _

    override def open(parameters: Configuration): Unit =
      pointsIn = getRuntimeContext.getBroadcastVariable[Point]("pointsIn").asScala

    def map(queryPoint: Point): (Point, Vector[Point]) = {
      val dataSetIn = ExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment
                                          .fromCollection(pointsIn.toVector)
      val cluster = new Cluster(dataSetIn, queryPoint)
      val knn = cluster.kNearestNeighbor(queryPoint, 3) // This call causes problems
      (queryPoint, knn.collect.toVector)
    }
  }
}

Cluster类和伴随对象定义为：

class Cluster(var points: DataSet[Point],
              var clusterLeader: Point) extends Serializable {
  private var queryPoint: Point = _

  def distance(p: Point): Point = {
    p.eucDist(queryPoint)
  }

  def kNearestNeighbor(queryPoint: Point, k: Int): DataSet[Point] = {
    this.queryPoint = queryPoint

    this.points.map{p => distance(p)} // Task not serializable
    this.points.map{p => p.eucDist(queryPoint)} // Works
    this.points.map{p => Cluster.staticDistance(queryPoint, p)} // Works
  }
}

object Cluster {
  def staticDistance(queryPoint: Point, p: Point): Point = {
    p.eucDist(queryPoint)
  }
}

对< code>distance方法的调用导致任务不可序列化异常，但是用定义替换方法调用可以解决该问题。类似地，将完全相同的方法定义为companion对象的成员允许代码正常运行。

为什么第一个调用不起作用，而另外两个调用起作用？如果您在类上有更复杂的执行流程，而在配套对象上不容易替换为方法，会发生什么？