提问者:小点点

元素隐式具有“any”类型,因为类型为“string”的表达式不能用于索引


正在尝试React项目的TypeScript,我遇到了以下错误:

Element implicitly has an 'any' type because expression of type 'string' can't be used to index type '{ train_1: boolean; train_2: boolean; train_3: boolean; train_4: boolean; }'.
  No index signature with a parameter of type 'string' was found on type '{ train_1: boolean; train_2: boolean; train_3: boolean; train_4: boolean; }'

当我尝试过滤组件中的数组时出现

.filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);

到目前为止,我看了文章“在TypeScript中索引对象”(https://dev.to/kingdaro/indexing-objects-in-typescript-1cgi),因为它有一个类似的错误,但是我试图将索引签名添加到typeplotTypes中,我仍然得到同样的错误。

我的组件代码:

import React, { Component } from "react";
import createPlotlyComponent from "react-plotly.js/factory";
import Plotly from "plotly.js-basic-dist";
const Plot = createPlotlyComponent(Plotly);

interface IProps {
  data: any;
}

interface IState {
  [key: string]: plotTypes;
  plotOptions: plotTypes;
}

type plotTypes = {
  [key: string]: boolean;
  train_1: boolean;
  train_2: boolean;
  train_3: boolean;
  train_4: boolean;
};

interface trainInfo {
  name: string;
  x: Array<number>;
  y: Array<number>;
  type: string;
  mode: string;
}

class FiltrationPlots extends Component<IProps, IState> {
  readonly state = {
    plotOptions: {
      train_1: true,
      train_2: true,
      train_3: true,
      train_4: true
    }
  };
  render() {
    const { data } = this.props;
    const { plotOptions } = this.state;

    if (data.filtrationData) {
      const plotData: Array<trainInfo> = [
        {
          name: "train_1",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_2",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["2-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["2-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_3",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["3-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["3-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        },
        {
          name: "train_4",
          x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["4-CumVol"]),
          y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["4-PressureA"]),
          type: "scatter",
          mode: "lines"
        }
      ].filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);
      return (
        <Plot
          data={plotData}
          layout={{ width: 1000, height: 1000, title: "A Fancy Plot" }}
        />
      );
    } else {
      return <h1>No Data Loaded</h1>;
    }
  }
}

export default FiltrationPlots;


共3个答案

匿名用户

发生这种情况是因为您试图使用字符串name访问plotOptions属性。TypeScript理解name可能具有任何值,而不仅仅是plotOptions中的属性名称。所以TypeScript需要向plotOptions添加索引签名,这样它就知道您可以在plotOptions中使用任何属性名称。但是我建议更改name的类型,所以它只能是plotOptions属性之一。

interface trainInfo {
    name: keyof typeof plotOptions;
    x: Array<number>;
    y: Array<number>;
    type: string;
    mode: string;
}

现在,您将只能使用plotOptions中存在的属性名称。

您还必须稍微更改代码。

首先将数组分配给某个临时变量,以便TS知道数组类型:

const plotDataTemp: Array<trainInfo> = [
    {
      name: "train_1",
      x: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-CumVol"]),
      y: data.filtrationData.map((i: any) => i["1-PressureA"]),
      type: "scatter",
      mode: "lines"
    },
    // ...
}

然后筛选:

const plotData = plotDataTemp.filter(({ name }) => plotOptions[name]);

如果您正在从API获取数据,并且在编译时无法键入检查道具,那么唯一的方法就是将索引签名添加到绘图选项中:

type tplotOptions = {
    [key: string]: boolean
}

const plotOptions: tplotOptions = {
    train_1: true,
    train_2: true,
    train_3: true,
    train_4: true
}

匿名用户

使用对象时。按键,以下功能:

Object.keys(this)
    .forEach(key => {
      console.log(this[key as keyof MyClass]);
    });

匿名用户

// bad
const _getKeyValue = (key: string) => (obj: object) => obj[key];

// better
const _getKeyValue_ = (key: string) => (obj: Record<string, any>) => obj[key];

// best
const getKeyValue = <T extends object, U extends keyof T>(key: U) => (obj: T) =>
  obj[key];

坏-错误的原因是对象类型在默认情况下只是一个空对象。因此,不可能使用字符串类型来索引{}

更好的是,错误消失的原因是因为现在我们告诉编译器obj参数将是字符串/值(string/any)对的集合。但是,我们使用的是any类型,所以我们可以做得更好。

最佳-T扩展空对象。U扩展T的键。因此U将始终存在于T上,因此它可以用作查找值。

下面是一个完整的例子:

我已经切换了泛型的顺序(U extends keyof T现在位于T extends object之前),以强调泛型的顺序并不重要,您应该选择一个对您的函数最有意义的顺序。

const getKeyValue = <U extends keyof T, T extends object>(key: U) => (obj: T) =>
  obj[key];

interface User {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

const user: User = {
  name: "John Smith",
  age: 20
};

const getUserName = getKeyValue<keyof User, User>("name")(user);

// => 'John Smith'
const getKeyValue = <T, K extends keyof T>(obj: T, key: K): T[K] => obj[key];